Power (HP) = Pressure (psi) X Flow (cfm) / 229        (cfm = cubic feet/min.)
                                               (As an example: 1 HP = 10 cfm at 22.9 psi)
or (1 m3 / min = 35.3 cfm):
Power (kW) = Pressure (bar) X Flow (m3/min) X 1.70
                                               (As an example: 1 kW = 0.294 m3/min at 2 bar)

QT.6LSC Flow = 0.6 liter X rpm (in liter/min) = 0.021 X rpm (in cfm)

For specific fluid, temperature and pressure conditions, the Mollier table gives the steam flow in pounds/hours (kg/hour).
See for example: www.chemicalogic.com/download/mollier.html 

If the intake pressure increases, the flow (rpm) increases also, such that generally the engine power increases as the square of the pressure.

Remember that there could be a significant difference between the pressure applied at the engine intake and the actual pressure into the engine chambers. Also, efficiency of all engines falls in the free spinning regime, where the torque load demand is too low (or rpm demand too high) to extract all the machine power. Furthermore, no engine is 100 % efficient. Conventional turbine or piston engines are driven by similar pressure-flow relation (case without truncating the intake). Relative to the pressure flow energy conversion role of the Quasiturbine, the efficiency (not an absolute efficiency, nor is the piston efficiency when discarding the energy spent in fuel refining and transportation) is given by the (power or torque obtained) divided by the (power or torque which could be obtained according to these formula).

Free spinning (no load) in the 0 to 800 rpm range of a well run-in unit is typically given by:

Free spinning (rpm) = 100 X Pressure (psi) = 1500 X Pressure (bar)
(Maximum engine power is produced near half of the free spinning rpm)

Remark on Steam Efficiency

The Quasiturbine efficiency is theoretically the one of a positive displacement engine with a geometric compression ratio of about 10:1, running without intake cut-off (a device could be installed eventually see www.quasiturbine.com/EProductQTCutOffValve.htm).

Remember that the Engine Power is proportional to the TORQUE time the RPM. Power is zero at maximum torque (because rpm is then zero), and Power is also zero at free spinning rpm (because the output torque is then zero). Maximum Engine Power is near midway, when the rpm is "half the free spinning rpm", and the torque "half the maximum zero rpm torque". Running in excess of "half the free spinning rpm" requires a high air/steam flow for little torque and power output, a non-efficient engine regime which must be avoid.

Quasiturbines are supply without intake synchronization valve or cut-off device, which can be installed by the buyer looking for high efficiency overall system. An high efficiency pneumatic/steam motor does not guaranty the high efficiency of the entire system. The cooling steam effect during relaxation must not be under-estimated. For high pressure drop (not allowed with this unit), intermediary heating is a must to keep up the pressure and avoid condensation. No steam circuit is easy to design and operate.

Since water requires an important quantity of latent vaporization heat (which is not generally recovered in the condenser or in the atmosphere open circuit), operation with saturated steam will likely give low efficiency (unless with a cogeneration application),  because of the important volume of water which needs to be evaporated to maintain the pressure. Even if the Quasiturbine can accept saturated steam, it is not suitable from the energy efficiency stand point, that the steam stays saturated during all the cycle. In fact, in all expansion thermal machine (the Quasiturbine being one of the most efficient), increase in thermal efficiency is linked to steam overheating (without having to increase the pressure), since one gets the same pressure effect with less molecules, wherein making a substantial reduction in the quantity of water needed to be vaporized  (... and saving of the corresponding latent heat energy, while some more calories are lost in the exhaust). Conclusion: Water is not necessarily the most efficient fluid for low temperature steam cycle.

From the steam engine point of view, no more need for very high pressure steam to be efficient! The conventional steam turbines require very high pressure in order to generate the high flow speed permitting the turbine to be efficient. This is not the case with the Quasiturbine which is very efficient (engine efficiency, not necessarily the system efficiency) at all pressures, all load levels and all RPM, and can produce substantial power  with sustained intake pressure as low as 20 to 60 psi peak and at only 500 RPM. In those two cases however, the super-heated steam increases the efficiency of the steam cycle, and the lower pressure operation may lead to larger equipments for the same power...

Hydraulic Notice

This is a steam engine only. Steam Quasiturbine has provision for thermal expansions and some corrosion resistance that are not incorporated in the pneumatic. Must not be use with incompressible fluid (liquid hydraulic mode) - Avoid excessive internal liquid condensation. This unit can however be occasionally use in pneumatic mode.

Cascade Expansions?

Because the Quasiturbine has 2 independent circuits which can be used in serial, many could suggest that a single Quasiturbine can acts as a dual equal-size stages expander with an intermediary heat exchanger (with reduced specific power, unless the intake pressure is raised). This is not likely to be the case, because the serial interconnection of the chambers makes the exhaust volume of the first stage to move into the exact same volume of the intake chamber of the second stage without making any net additional torque or work (at constant pressure, or even if an intermediary heat exchanger increases the temperature and the pressure during the transfer). Because the exhaust and the intake chambers stay at the same pressure during the transfer, that pressure would not be a constraining back pressure to the first stage. The final result would be equivalent to give heat to the exhaust without getting any work out, and would give a neutral role to the second stage. Characteristics would be similar to the one circuit only steam mode.

However, experimentation with inter-stages check-valves, intermediary tank, Venturi pressure phase shift... and super-heater could make it a worth avenue to explore. The Quasiturbine can further make internal gas expansion if the dominant restriction is made to be at the intake, such that the flow is not sufficient to keep the internal pressure at the level of the pressure intake line. This internal expansion can then be done without any synchronization valve (cut-off intake). Efficiency increases as the involved gas pressure is lower. The present possibilities have not yet been tested.

Steam Engine Lubrication

Periodic oil spray needs to be injected into motor intakes steam flow. The best is oil injection within one of the intake port using a small pulsed pump (electrical or pneumatic). A convenient way is to keep the oil reservoir pressurized (with air?) slightly over the QT intake pressure, and to simply control the oil flow through a needle valve.

Standard product recommendations start at steam pressures of 150 to 200 psig (366 to 388 F). The grade of recommended steam cylinder oil for these conditions is ISO 460 which contains 4% tallow oil. This is the grade of oil that the “ride-on” locomotive community uses. It is generally available in 55 gallon drums, but Sulphur Springs Steam Models sales@sssmodels.com provides it in quart cans. Chevron USA has a relatively new steam cylinder oil on the market that is lighter in viscosity than ISO 460 by about half (1103 SUS vs. 2335 SUS @ 100 F). Other steam oil may do as well, search "steam cylinder oil" on the web for local suppliers. It does not require much oil, and large steam units generally use a separator in the condenser, and recycle this oil.

Never use motor oil or inappropriate lubricant (avoid additives), as it will oxidize and degrade into solid or viscous material under steam contact. If this happen, attempt cleaning the engine with a glass of kerosene in the intake, while turning the engine slowly by hand. Re-oil properly.

(The following are non-tested possibilities...)

Rotary Pressure Regulator

What about an "energy recovery rotary pressure regulator" ? An interesting application of the steam Quasiturbine is to recover the high pressure energy at pressure reduction stations. Instead of using a conventional cooling station, a steam Quasiturbine will rotate under the pressure differential and the flow will be controlled by the rpm, i.e. the torque applied on the Quasiturbine shaft. This way, the Quasiturbine can transform the pressure differential into useful mechanical work to run pump, compressor, ventilator, electricity generator or locally convert the energy in high grade heat. Because conventional turbines can not be widely modulated in rpm and load, they are not suitable for gas flow and pressure control, while the Quasiturbine is essentially a closed valve at zero rpm (subject to appropriate construction), and has high efficiency at all torque and all flow rpm. All experimental demonstration has to be done only by steam experts and under all current rules and regulations.

ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle)

Engine suitable for ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) in Solar, Geothermal and Waste Heat Recovery.

Condition of Operation

It is the buyer and/or operator responsibility to comply with all applicable national
and local laws and rules,  including those on security and pressurized products.
In several countries 1 bar (15 psi) is considered as high pressure!

• It is the buyer and/or operator responsibility to comply with all applicable national and local laws and rules, including those on security and pressurized products.

• This product is is not yet certified, and is not to be used as a commercial equipment. Current research lab precaution and procedure must apply.
  Steam is dangerous, and steam qualification personnel is a must.

• Familiarize yourself well beforehand with the Quasiturbine technology (see the associated site at: www.quasiturbine.com ).

• For optimum performance, the feed line must be well balanced between the two intake ports, which must be done by ending the line passed the 2 T by an accumulator (buffer) tank (minimum 3 liters), on which the pressure gage can be located.

• Always make it turns gradually (without abrupt acceleration).

• In break-in phase, reposition the rotor away of a dead spot before each start, by turning the central shaft.

• Always ensure that the rotor is adequately lubricated (steam oil only: search "steam engine oil" on the web for local suppliers). (Never use oil with additive like antifriction, because large air flow or steam oxidized the oil and precipitate the additives in glue like product fatal to the Quasiturbine operation). The best is oil injection within one of the intake port using a small pulsed pump (electrical or pneumatic). A convenient way is to keep the oil reservoir pressurized slightly over the QT intake pressure, and to simply control the oil flow through a needle valve.

• Simplified differential periodically requires grease on the central shaft section.

• Ensure that the hoses and fasteners (particularly the flexible ones) are of quality and well anchored.

• Use a good pressure regulator to limit the maximum pressure and place a pressure gauge close to the engine intake.

• It is recommended not to exceed 500 RPM and/or 4 bars (60 psi) at the pressure gauge when with load, half without load. 150 C max. No free running at more than 20 psi, and for short period only.

• Avoid flow restriction at exit.

• The use of a tachometer (with magnetic pick up, like the one used on bicycle ?) is cheap and also recommended.

• Once in use, the engine will progressively break-in and rotate better and better,
  periodically dismantlement may require little break-in every time...

• Never exceed the recommended limits.

• Intake steam must be reasonably clean.

• Not be used in reverse as compressor.

• Silencer could be used (not supplied) with some effect on efficiency.

Safety Precautions

• It is the buyer and/or operator responsibility  to comply with all applicable national and local laws and rules,  including those on security and pressurized products.

• These units must be operated under the constant supervision of qualified adults. Heat protection should be use at all time.

• Anchor the unit well on a table before each start-up.

• Never exceed the limits and suggested conditions of operation.

• Wearing safety glasses, mask and fastened hair is recommended.

• The demonstration room must be well ventilated.

• Check the tightening of the bolts and adapters. Be aware of the rupture
  or the decoupling of any of the flexible hoses.

• Have a distant valve at hand to cut the air/steam flow as needed.

• Particularly during breaking-in under compressed air, it can happen that the rotor stops at a dead point, and refuses to turn when the pressure is applied. This situation is unstable and call for urgent pressure release. In absence of pressure, slightly turn the rotor with the central shaft and pressurize it again...

• During the demonstration, nothing should approach the central zone of the rotor; make observations at a distance of 50 cm (20 po.) or more.

• Always remain vigilant and careful!

GENERALITIES

• Sale and operation are restricted to adults only.

• Use for integration research and demonstration
  (commercial use is not recommended).

• This product is not yet certified.

• Steam-air-nitrogen only (less than 60 psi).

• Additional parts of replacement can be ordered by owners.

CONDITIONS

• The Purchasers understand it is a prototype, and release the manufacturer from all responsibilities relative with the use.

• Sold without tested specification.

• Guarantee of the manufacturer is limited to the replacement of the defective parts.

• The purchasers must have read the present page as part of the purchase order agreement and invoice, and declare themselves satisfied with it.

• Sales done FOB Montréal, Québec Canada.

• The present document and conditions must be transferred to the chain of future owners of the unit.

• If there is intellectual propriety risk, the manufacturer can simply refund and not deliver.

PRICE AND SHIPPING

• The price includes the applicable local sale taxes if required, but not the shipping and custom costs.

• The insurances and customs fees are the responsibility of the purchaser.

• As possible, shipping will be made in the 4 weeks following the reception of the deposit, or according to the production capability of the moment (to be notified when ordering).

• Failure of the buyer to make final payment or take delivery of the unit within 3 months of the  notice of completion will be interpreted as an abandon of the product without compensation.

For ordering a Quasiturbine QT.6LSC Steam
(pre-commercial)

To : Quasiturbine Chainsaws
Casier/Code/Porte 2804 - 3535 Papineau
Montréal Québec H2K4J9
514-527-8484  Fax: 514-527-9530
Associated website : www.quasiturbine.com

Quasiturbine model QT.6LSC Steam
(pre-commercial unit) with simplified central differential and shaft
(facultative intake cut off valve and silencer not included),
is intended for integration research and demonstration.
To be use only under competent supervision.
Guaranty is limited to replacement of defective parts.
Because this product is is not yet certified,
current research lab precaution and procedure must apply.
Buyer declare to rely on competent expertise in steam systems
and to conform to local law and regulation.

Sale done FOB Montréal, Québec Canada
Price including Canadian local sale taxes when applicable
but not the shipping
and custom fees (NAFTA Exempted? # 8413.81):       2450 US$
Money rate conversion at http://fr.finance.yahoo.com/m3

The web page
www.quasiturbine.com/EProductQT75SCSteam.htm
is an integral part of the present purchase order
and constitute the terms and conditions accepted by the buyer.

__________________________________
Authorized Officer                               Date: ______________

Company Name: __________________________

Shipping address: _________________________

________________________________________

Phone: ______________________     Fax: _______________________

www.___________________________

email:__________________________

Package
Weight: 14 kg / 30 pounds
Size: 30 cm X 30 cm X 26 cm height / 12 X 12 X 10 inches height.

Email the form to info@quasiturbine.com or fax to 514-527-9530.
An invoice will follows with payment instructions.
(Terms: 50 % on invoice, the balance 10 days before shipping).

QUASITURBINE TRONÇONNEUSES

(Manufacturer under a privileged QT-BLADES supply license agreement)
Casier/Code/Porte 2804, 3535 Ave Papineau, Montréal Québec H2K 4J9 CANADA
(514) 527-8484      Fax (514) 527-9530
Associated website www.quasiturbine.com   info@quasiturbine.com

Subject to changes without notice - January 7, 2009